Progress in research of prophylactic therapy in contacts of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients / 中华流行病学杂志

Tuberculosis (TB) prophylactic therapy for latent infection, which can reduce the risk for the development of active TB, is an important measure in TB control. China recommends prophylactic therapy for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in some key populations to reduce the risk for TB. Contacts of patients with multi-drug and rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) are at high risk for the infection with drug-resistant pathogen, however, no unified prophylactic therapy regimen has been recommended for LTBI due to exposure to MDR/RR-TB patients. This paper summarizes the current MDR/RR-TB prophylactic therapy regimen and its protection effect based on the results of the retrieval of literature, guidelines, expert consensus and technical specifications to provide reference for the prevention and control of LTBI.

Metabolomics Changes of Serum and Tissues in Mice Died of Acute Tetracaine Poisoning / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the changes of metabolites in serum and tissues （kidney, liver and heart） of mice died of acute tetracaine poisoning by metabolomics, to search for potential biomarkers and related metabolic pathways, and to provide new ideas for the identification of cause of death and research on toxicological mechanism of acute tetracaine poisoning. Methods Forty ICR mice were randomly divided into control group and acute tetracaine poisoning death group. The model of death from acute poisoning was established by intraperitoneal injection of tetracaine, and the metabolic profile of serum and tissues of mice was obtained by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-Orbitrap HRMS）. Multivariate statistical principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were used, combined with t-test and fold change to identify the differential metabolites associated with death from acute tetracaine poisoning. Results Compared with the control group, the metabolic profiles of serum and tissues in the mice from acute tetracaine poisoning death group were significantly different. Eleven differential metabolites were identified in serum, including xanthine, spermine, 3-hydroxybutylamine, etc.; twenty-five differential metabolites were identified in liver, including adenylate, adenosine, citric acid, etc.; twelve differential metabolites were identified in heart, including hypoxanthine, guanine, guanosine, etc; four differential metabolites were identified in kidney, including taurochenodeoxycholic acid, 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, dimethylethanolamine and indole. Acute tetracaine poisoning mainly affected purine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as metabolism of alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Conclusion The differential metabolites in serum and tissues of mice died of acute tetracaine poisoning are expected to be candidate biomarkers for this cause of death. The results can provide research basis for the mechanism and identification of acute tetracaine poisoning.

Analysis of Five Mushroom Toxins in Blood by UPLC-HRMS / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To develop a method for the simultaneous and rapid detection of five mushroom toxins (α-amanitin, phallacidin, muscimol, muscarine and psilocin) in blood by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS).@*METHODS@#The blood samples were precipitated with acetonitrile-water solution(Vacetonitril∶Vwater=3∶1) and PAX powder, then separated on ACQUITY Premier C18 column, eluted gradient. Five kinds of mushroom toxins were monitored by FullMS-ddMS2/positive ion scanning mode, and qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted according to the accurate mass numbers of primary and secondary fragment ions.@*RESULTS@#All the five mushroom toxins had good linearity in their linear range, with a determination coefficient (R2)≥0.99. The detection limit was 0.2-20 ng/mL. The ration limit was 0.5-50 ng/mL. The recoveries of low, medium and high additive levels were 89.6%-101.4%, the relative standard deviation was 1.7%-6.7%, the accuracy was 90.4%-101.3%, the intra-day precision was 0.6%-9.0%, the daytime precision was 1.7%-6.3%, and the matrix effect was 42.2%-129.8%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The method is simple, rapid, high recovery rate, and could be used for rapid and accurate qualitative screening and quantitative analysis of various mushroom toxins in biological samples at the same time, so as to provide basis for the identification of mushroom poisoning events.

Effects of dance training on cognitive functioning and the emotional state of people with Parkinson′s disease: A meta-analysis / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To assess systematically the effect of dance training on the cognitive functioning and emotional state of people with Parkinson′s disease.Methods:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the effect of dance training on the cognition and emotional state of people with Parkinson′s disease were retrieved from the Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, Ovid, CNKI, Wan fang and VIP databases. The period was from January 1995 to January 10, 2019. The literature was screened, collected and evaluated by two reviewers independently. The meta-analysis was conducted using version 5.3 of the Revman software.Results:Seven RCTs involving 167 patients were discovered. According to the meta-analysis, dance training significantly relieved depression [SMD=-0.75, 95%CI: -1.41 to -0.10]. It improved the average score on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale [WMD=2.05, 95%CI: 0.87 to 3.23] and on the Frontal Assessment Battery [WMD=1.41, 95%CI: 0.49 to 2.33]. However, dance training could not effectively improve apathy.Conclusions:Current evidence shows that dance training can relieve depression and promote better cognitive functioning for people with Parkinson′s disease.

Research Progress on Hepatotoxicity Mechanism and Attenuation Methods of Psoraleae Fructus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Psoraleae Fructus is the dried and mature fruit of the legume Psoralea corylifolia. It is warm in nature， pungent and bitter in flavor， and attributive to the kidney and spleen meridians. Its main effect include warming the kidney and assisting Yang， absorbing Qi and relieving asthma， warming the spleen and relieving diarrhea， etc.， and it also can for external use of eliminating wind and freckle. Clinically， Psoraleae Fructus is mainly used for the treatment of impotence due to kidney deficiency， soreness of waist and knees， vitiligo， etc. The existing studies have shown that Psoraleae Fructus has a variety of pharmacological effect， such as anti-tumor， anti-oxidant， anti-bacterial， anti-inflammatory， promoting bone growth and protecting cardiovascular. But at the same time， many studies at home and abroad have found that taking Psoraleae Fructus and its compounds for a long time or in large doses can cause liver toxicity， phototoxicity， nephrotoxicity， etc. The most common is liver toxicity， most of the clinical reports on the toxicity of psoralen are caused by drug-induced liver injury events， which limits the clinical use of Psoraleae Fructus and can't exert its proper therapeutic effect. Therefore， it is particularly important to fully understand the toxicological mechanism of liver injury caused by Psoraleae Fructus and its attenuation methods. In this paper， by consulting the domestic and foreign related literatures in recent years that reported the hepatotoxicity of Psoraleae Fructus， the four aspects of clinical report on liver injury， hepatotoxic components， toxicological mechanisms and attenuation methods of Psoraleae Fructus were reviewed， including bile acid stasis and oxidative stress. The hepatotoxicity of Psoraleae Fructus was discussed in terms of reaction， mitochondrial damage， liver fat deformation， etc.， and the attenuation methods of Psoraleae Fructus were summarized from the aspects of compatibility attenuation and processing attenuation， aiming to comprehensively and objectively clarify Psoraleae Fructus. The potential toxicological mechanism of lipid-induced hepatotoxicity and research progress in attenuation were expected to provide a theoretical basis for further study of Psoraleae Fructus hepatotoxicity and clinical rational use of drugs.

Effect of diabetes mellitus and blood sugar status on treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients / 中华疾病控制杂志

Diabetes mellitus patients are at high risk of tuberculosis, and tuberculosis is one of the important reasons for inducing and aggravating acute complications of diabetes. At present, China is facing a serious dual epidemic of tuberculosis and diabetes, which has caused great harm to the health of our people, but also brought great burden to our social economy. In this paper, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang data knowledge service platform were used to search the relevant literature. Research progress on the epidemiology of tuberculosis patients complicated with diabetes, the effect of diabetes and blood glucose on the treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients, and the mechanism of diabetes affecting the treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients were analyzed and summarized, and some references were provided for the treatment and management of tuberculosis patients in China in the future.

Mechanistic evaluation of gastro-protective effects of KangFuXinYe on indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats / 中国天然药物

KangFuXinYe (KFX), the ethanol extract of the dried whole body of Periplaneta americana, is a well-known important Chinese medicine preparation that has been used to treat digestive diseases such as gastric ulcers for many years in China. However, its therapeutic effect and mechanism are not yet well understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the gastro-protective effects of KangFuXinYe (KFX) in indomethacin-induced gastric damage. Rats were randomly divided into six groups as follows: control, treated with indomethacin (35 mg·kg), different dosages of KFX (2.57, 5.14 and 10.28 mL·kg, respectively) plus indomethacin, and sucralfate (1.71 mL·kg) plus indomethacin. After treatment, rat serum, stomach and gastric homogenates were collected for biochemical tests and examination of histopathology firstly. Rat serum was further used for metabolomics analysis to research possible mechanisms. Our results showed that KFX treatment alleviated indomethacin-induced histopathologic damage in rat gastric mucosa. Meanwhile, its treatment significantly increased cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), prostaglandin E (PGE) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels in rat serum and gastric mucosa. Moreover, KFX decreased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Nine metabolites were identified which intensities significantly changed in gastric damage rats, including 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, indoxylsulfuric acid, indolelactic acid, 4-hydroxyindole, pantothenic acid, isobutyryl carnitine, 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and indometacin. These metabolic deviations came to closer to normal levels after KFX intervention. The results indicate that KFX (10.28 mL·kg) exerts protective effects on indomethacin-induced gastric damage by possible mechanisms of action (regulating tryptophan metabolism, protecting the mitochondria, and adjusting lipid metabolism, and reducing excessive indomethacin).

Is Chinese Medicine Injection Applicable for Treating Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine injection (CMI) for treating acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS).@*METHODS@#Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified by searching 3 English databases and 4 Chinese databases from their inceptions until February 2019. The Cochrane Handbook was used to evaluate risk of bias in the included studies. Data analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3.3 software.@*RESULTS@#A total of 19 eligible RCTs involving 1,334 participants was included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The main meta-analysis showed that CMI combined with conventional therapy (CT) was more effective than CT alone in reducing the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) H score [mean difference (MD): -1.74 points, 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.77 to -0.71, I@*CONCLUSIONS@#CMI as an adjuvant therapy showed great potential benefits for the treatment of ALI/ARDS. However, we could not make a definite conclusion due to low quality of included studies and uncertain security. Future studies should focus on improving research design, especially in blindness and placebo. The reporting of adverse events was also needed.

Investigation of efficacy and safety of Ticagrelor as add-on to a common therapy of aspirin in elderly patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and undergoing percufaneous coronary infervention / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigation of efficacy and safety of Ticagrelor vs.Clopidogrel as add-on to a common therapy of Aspirin in elderly patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods:A total of 208 elderly patients with STEMI and receiving PCI were divided into the Ticagrelor group(n=103, receiving Ticagrelor 180 mg, followed by 90 mg twice a day)and the Clopidogrel group(n=105, receiving Clopidogrel 600 mg, followed by 75 mg/d)as add-on to a common therapy of Aspirin(300 mg before operation, followed by 100 mg/d). Both groups were treated for 12 months.Coronary artery blood flow, platelet aggregation rate, left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD), bleeding events and major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)after PCI were compared between the two groups.Results:The TIMI(thrombolysis in myocardial infarction)grading after PCI was better in the Ticagrelor group than in the Clopidogrel group( Z=2.58, P=0.010). The incidence of no-reflow or slow blood flow was lower in the Ticagrelor group than in the Clopidogrel group(6.8% or 7/103 vs. 19.1% or 20/105, χ2=6.91, P=0.009). The variance analysis of repeated data showed that the platelet aggregation rate was decreased along with time in both groups( Ftime=87.54, P<0.001). The decrement of platelet aggregation rate was higher in the Ticagrelor group than in the Clopidogrel group( Ftime×group=6.16, P<0.001). The overall level of platelet aggregation was lower in the Ticagrelor group than in the Clopidogrel group( Fgroup=17.84, P<0.001). The platelet aggregation rates at 1 hour, 1 day and 3 days after operation were lower in the Ticagrelor group than in the Clopidogrel group( t=14.39, 13.19 and 6.53, respectively, P<0.001). LVEF was increased in both groups after PCI( t=7.46 and 4.33, all P<0.001), while LVEF was higher in the ticagrelor group than in the clopidogrel group( t=4.28, P<0.001). LVEDD was decreased in both groups after PCI( t=9.36 and 6.47, all P<0.001), while LVEDD was lower in the ticagrelor group than in the clopidogrel group( t=4.38, P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the incidences of hemorrhage and MACE between the two groups( χ2=0.91 and 2.32, all P>0.05). Conclusions:Ticagrelor has good anti-platelet aggregation effect in the treatment of STEMI after PCI in the elderly, and it reduces the incidences of no-or slow reflow, improves cardiac function.

Effect of medium frequency electrical stimulation on expression of neurotrophin-3 in rat masseter muscle / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To investigate the effect of medium frequency electrical stimulation on the expression of neurotrophin-3(NT-3) in the mandibular protrusion of SD rats. Methods • Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=20): blank control group, conditioned control group (treated with functional appliance, but without medium frequency electrical stimulation) and experimental group (treated with functional appliance and medium frequency electrical stimulation). Five rats in each group were sacrificed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day to prepare the samples of masseter muscle. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR methods were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of NT-3 in the masseter muscle of rats. Results • The protein and mRNA expressions of NT-3 were increased firstly and then decreased in the conditioned control group and the experimental group, compared with those in the blank control group. Moreover, the protein and mRNA expressions of NT-3 in the conditioned control group were still higher than those in the blank control group on the 21st day (both P<0.05), while the protein and mRNA expressions of NT-3 in the experimental group almost returned to the normal level on the 21st day. Conclusion • Medium frequency electrical stimulation may accelerate the rate of neuromuscular reconstruction and shorten the time of functional orthopedic therapy in rats.

Research progress on proteins and peptides from earthworm / 中草药

Earthworm is one of animal drugs in Chinese materia medica. It was commonly used in clinic with rich resources in China. Modern studies showed that proteins and peptides were the main components in earthworm. It has been used for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases because of its various activities, such as anticoagulant, anti-stroke, antibacterial, and antifibrotic activities, etc. In this review, 48 proteins and peptides from different species of earthworm reported since 1983 were summarized, including their names, molecular weights, amino acid sequences, isoelectric points, and activities. In addition, its pharmacological effects of earthworm proteins and peptides were summarized. In all, it will provide a scientific basis for the further study and comprehensive utilization of proteins and peptides of earthworm.

Venovenous extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a matched cohort study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Although the use of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been rapidly increasing, the benefit of ECMO in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate the effect of venovenous ECMO (VV-ECMO) on adult patients with severe ARDS.@*Methods@#We conducted a multi-center, retrospective, cohort study in the intensive care units (ICUs) of six teaching hospitals between January 2013 and December 2018. Patients with severe ARDS who received VV-ECMO support were included. The detailed demographic data and physiologic data were used to match ARDS patients without ECMO. The primary endpoint was the 28-day mortality.@*Results@#Ninety-nine patients with severe ARDS supported by VV-ECMO and 72 patients without ECMO were included in this study. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score was 23.1 ± 6.3 in the ECMO group and 24.8 ± 8.5 in the control group (P = 0.1195). The sequential organ failure assessment score was 12.8 ± 3.4 in the ECMO group and 13.7 ± 3.5 in the control group (P = 0.0848). The 28-day mortality of patients with ECMO support was 39.4%, and that of the control group was 55.6%. The survival analysis curve showed that the 28-day mortality in the ECMO group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P = 0.0097). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the independent predictors of the 28-day mortality were the requirement of vasopressors before ECMO (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.006; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001–1.013; P = 0.030) and duration of mechanical ventilation before ECMO (HR: 3.299; 95% CI: 1.264–8.609; P = 0.034).@*Conclusions@#This study showed that ECMO improved the survival of patients with severe ARDS. The duration of mechanical ventilation and the requirement of vasopressors before ECMO might be associated with an increased risk of death.

Research on Profile Differences of Chemical Components in Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex from Different Varieties and Habitats by LC-TOF-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study on the differences of profile spectra among chemical components in Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex from different varieties and habitats,and to screen and identify the characteristic components affecting the quality difference of this herb. Method:The chromatogram data sets of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex from different varieties and habitats were obtained by liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry(LC-TOF-MS).Principal component analysis,partial least squares-discriminant analysis and cluster analysis were used to compare the differences in chemical profiles among Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex from different varieties and habitats,and adopted to screen out the characteristic chemical constituents that resulted in these differences and to perform mass spectrometry analysis and comparison. Result:Eleven characteristic peaks were identified by LC-TOF-MS chromatographic data and reported in the literature.The use of chemical profile could distinguish different habitats of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex,but could not completely distinguish different varieties of this herb. Conclusion:LC-TOF-MS can easily and quickly study on the profile differences of chemical substances in Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex from different varieties and different habitats,the results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the quality evaluation and pharmacodynamic material basis of this herb.

Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Therapy on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In recent years, as the level of economic life has improved, the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus has increased year by year. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been a serious threat to maternal and newborn health. The pathogenesis of gestational diabetes is not very clear, and may be closely associated with insulin resistance, genetic susceptibility, inflammatory response, metabolic disorders. According to the gestational diabetes diagnostic standard,24-28 weeks pregnant women keep an empty stomach over 8 h, taken 75 g oral glucose directly, and then receive the oral glucose tolerance test. GDM is diagnosed as fasting blood-glucose> 5.1 mmol · L-1,1-hour postprandial blood glucose>10.0 mmol · L-1,and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose>8.5 mmol · L-1. Western medicine treatment is mainly based on diet, exercise, drugs, education, monitoring and insulin therapy according to blood glucose. Meanwhile, GDM is a type of diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine. GDM is prevented and treated with diets and traditional method sports and Chinese herbs. Therefore, integrated Chinese and western medicine therapy can maximize the curative effect, reduce the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, and effectively improve the adverse outcome and prognosis of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus from mother to child.

Cognitive status of Chinese acne patients and its influencing factors / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To indentify the cognitive status of Chinese patients to acne and the influencing factors to theirs' cognitive status,so as to provide solid evidences for the prevention and treatment of acne.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was made to conduct this survey of 16,156 acne patients,who seeked to the treatment in the dermatological departments from 112 hospitals in China.The survey consisted of several parts,including the general status of patients,the patients' cognition of occurrence,development and risk factors of acne,whether the first choice was seeking treatment at the hospital when the patients had acne and the condition of selection of skin care products.The factors were analyzed,which could impact the cognition of the patients' behavior of treatment,how did the patients' cognition to influence their medical behavior and skin care as well as the consistency of assessment of the severity of acne by doctors and patients themselves.Results The acne patients studied had the best knowledge of "acne is a skin disease","it not only occurs in the period of adolescence" and "the disease can be prevented and cured",which accordingly accounted for 80.65％,69.16％ and 65.49％ of the total patients respectively.However,the awareness of acne patients to heredity,high sugar and dairy products as risk factors for acne was insufficient,which accounted for 48.72％,42.40％ and 18.25％ of the total patients,respectively.Gender,age,educational level,occupation and health knowledge were the main factors affecting the cognitive level of patients;the survey also found that men,patient with educational level of junior high or even lower educational condition,occupation of labor workers or farmers and patients were lack of health education with poor knowledge of the genetics and dietary were risk factors for acne;patients with age over 36 years or with mild illness had poor knowledge of dietary risk factors for acne;the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The analysis of the influence of cognitive status on medical treatment behavior and skin care showed that the better the cognition,the higher the probability of patients would choose medical treatment as the first choice as well as choosing functional skin care products;the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The consistency of assessment of the severity of acne by doctors and patients was poor (Kappa value ＜0.4),and the assessment of severity of acne by patients was more serious than doctors' assessment.Conclusions Patient's cognitive status will affect their medical behavior and skin care,and there is also a phenomenon that patients have a more serious assessment of their acne condition.It is suggested that health education for acne patients should be strengthened in clinical medicine so as to improve their knowledge of acne as well as preventing from acne effectively.

Venovenous extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a matched cohort study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Although the use of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been rapidly increasing, the benefit of ECMO in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate the effect of venovenous ECMO (VV-ECMO) on adult patients with severe ARDS.@*METHODS@#We conducted a multi-center, retrospective, cohort study in the intensive care units (ICUs) of six teaching hospitals between January 2013 and December 2018. Patients with severe ARDS who received VV-ECMO support were included. The detailed demographic data and physiologic data were used to match ARDS patients without ECMO. The primary endpoint was the 28-day mortality.@*RESULTS@#Ninety-nine patients with severe ARDS supported by VV-ECMO and 72 patients without ECMO were included in this study. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score was 23.1 ± 6.3 in the ECMO group and 24.8 ± 8.5 in the control group (P = 0.1195). The sequential organ failure assessment score was 12.8 ± 3.4 in the ECMO group and 13.7 ± 3.5 in the control group (P = 0.0848). The 28-day mortality of patients with ECMO support was 39.4%, and that of the control group was 55.6%. The survival analysis curve showed that the 28-day mortality in the ECMO group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P = 0.0097). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the independent predictors of the 28-day mortality were the requirement of vasopressors before ECMO (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.006; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001-1.013; P = 0.030) and duration of mechanical ventilation before ECMO (HR: 3.299; 95% CI: 1.264-8.609; P = 0.034).@*CONCLUSIONS@#This study showed that ECMO improved the survival of patients with severe ARDS. The duration of mechanical ventilation and the requirement of vasopressors before ECMO might be associated with an increased risk of death.

Three-dimensional morphological analysis of the palate of mouth-breathing children in mixed dentition / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effects of mouth-breathing on maxillary arch development by comparing the palatal morphology of mouth- and nose-breathing children in mixed dentition.@*METHODS@#Children in mixed dentition were enrolled and categorized into mouth-breathing (test group) and nose-breathing groups (control group) according to their breathing patterns. Children's plaster models were scanned with 3D laser scanner, and the 3D data were reconstructed and measured using Minics 15.0 and Geomagic 12.0 software. Measurement data (inter-molar width, palatal height, palatal volume, and palatal surface area) of the two groups were compared, and the correlation among the four measurement items was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The participants were 73 children (37 in test group and 36 in control group) with a mean age of (8.63±0.78) years old. The test group had significantly smaller inter-molar width, palatal volume, and palatal surface area but significantly higher palatal height than the control group (P<0.05). Inter-molar width and palatal volume were positively correlated with the palatal surface area in the test group (P<0.05). Inter-molar width and palatal height were positively correlated with the palatal surface area in the control group (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Mouth-breathing children have significantly reduced inter-molar width, palatal volume, and surface, and substantially increased palatal height, leading to different developmental patterns of the palatal morphology.

Impact of Taurine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma cells and its mechanism / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Cervical cancer has the fourth highest incidence and mortality rate of all cancers in women worldwide; it seriously harms their physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to observe the roles and preliminary mechanism of Taurine (Tau)-induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cells.@*METHODS@#Cells from the human cervical cancer cell line SiHa were transfected with the recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-MST1 (mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1); then, the cell proliferation activity was analyzed by the MTT assay, cell apoptosis by flow cytometry, and the related protein levels by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Tau inhibited the proliferation of SiHa cells and induced apoptosis in these cells (the apoptotic rate was 21.95% in the Tau 160 mmol/L group and 30% in the Tau 320 mmol/L group), upregulated the expression of the MST1 (control, 0.53; Tau 40-320 mmol/L groups, 0.84-1.45) and Bax (control, 0.45; Tau 40-320 mmol/L groups, 0.64-1.51) proteins (P < 0.01), and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 (control, 1.28, Tau 40-320 mmol/L groups, 0.93-0.47) (P < 0.01). The overexpression of MST1 promoted the apoptosis of SiHa cells, enhanced the apoptosis-inductive effects of Tau (P < 0.01), upregulated the expression of the proapoptotic proteins p73, p53, PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis), and caspase-3, and promoted the phosphorylation of YAP (Yes-associated protein).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Tau inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of cervical cancer SiHa cells. The MST1 protein plays an important role in the Tau-induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cells.

Effect of modified Zhengqi Powder in treating chronic gastritis and on patients' life quality and inflammatory factors / 中国中药杂志

Chronic gastritis is a kind of chronic gastric mucosal inflammation caused by many factors.Intestinal metaplasia refers to the transformation of gastric mucosal epithelial cells into small/large intestinal mucosal epithelium containing Panette or goblet cells.Chronic gastritis has the highest incidence among stomach diseases,while intestinal metaplasia is the serious manifestation of chronic gastritis.In this experiment,the therapeutic effect of modified Zhengqi Powder on mild intestinal metaplasia in chronic gastritis and on patients' quality of life and inflammatory reaction was investigated to analyze the efficacy and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine prescription.From April 2016 to April 2017,120 patients of chronic gastritis with mild intestinal metaplasia were selected and divided into two groups according to the envelope method.The control group(60 cases) was treated with famoxetine.After one month of continuous treatment,the total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 93.3%,which was much higher than 80.0% in the control group.Health questionnaire(SF-36),serum C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-8(IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The results showed that modified Zhengqi Powder has a significant efficacy in treat chronic gastritis with mild intestinal metaplasia,and can obviously alleviate clinical symptoms and intestinal metaplasia,remove inflammatory factors and improve the quality of life of patients,and is worth promotion.

Clinical value of uncinate process resection combined with portal-superior mesenteric vein resection and end-to-end anastomosis in distal pancreatectomy / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical value of uncinate process resection combined with portalsuperior mesenteric vein resection and end-to-end anastomosis in distal pancreatectomy.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 11 patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy combined with portal-superior mesenteric vein resection and end-to-end anastomosis in the Peking University Cancer Hospital (8 patients) and Jilin Guowen Hospital (3 patients) between January 2014 to April 2018 were collected.During the vascular reconstruction,uncinate process of the pancreas was first resected for reducing anastomotic tension,and then end-to-end anastomosis was done after portal-superior mesenteric vein resection.Observation indicators:(1) intraoperative situations;(2) postoperative recovery situations;(3) postoperative pathological examination situations;(4) follow-up and survival situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and imaging examination was performed to detect patients' postoperative survival,tumor recurrence and metastasis and postoperative venous anastomotic patency up to May 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x±s.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).The non-recurrence and non-metastasis survival curve,overall survival curve and survival rate were respectively drawn and calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method.Results (1) Intraoperative situations:11 patients received uncinate process resection of the pancreas,and successfully underwent distal pancreatectomy combined with portal-superior mesenteric vein resection and end-to-end anastomosis.Eight patients underwent distal pancreatectomy + Appleby combined with celiac axis resection due to pancreatic tumor involving common hepatic artery,including 2 undergoing combined total gastrectomy due to gastric ischemia;2 patients underwent distal pancreatectomy;1 patient underwent distal pancreatectomy + distal gastrectomy due to blood supply obstacle of distal stomach.Operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss of 11 patients were (5.8± 1.1) hours and 800 mL (range,200-2 500 mL).(2) Postoperative recovery situations:there was no grade C of pancreatic fistula of 11 patients.Four patients had grade B of pancreatic fistula,including 2 were cured by drainage-tube indwelling of pancreatic wound ＞ 3 weeks,1 was cured by continous washing due to pancreatic fistula combined with infection,and 1 was cured by the second abdominal puncture drainage due to pancreatic fistula with fever;1 of 4 patients was combined with grade C of delayed gastric emptying and cured by conservative treatment,and other 3 patients didn't occur postoperative complications.Of 5 patients diagnosed as biochemical fistula,1 had esophagus-jejunum anastomotic leakage,and 1 had changes of hepatic ischemia in S2,S3 and S4b segments by CT examination and recovered normal liver function at 2 weeks postoperatively,with long-term hepatatrophia in S2 and S3 segments.There was no postoperative death and reoperation in 11 patients.Duration of postoperative hospital stay of 11 patients was (22± 5) days.(3) Postoperative pathological examination results:tumors of 11 patients were located in neck and body of the pancreas,with a maximum diameter of (4.8± 1.7)cm.Among 11 patients,10 were confirmed with moderate-or low-differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma and 1 with anaplastic carcinoma.The length of portal-superior mesenteric vein resection of 11 patients was (2.6± 0.8) cm.Seven of 11 patients occurred different degrees of tumor infiltration in the portal-superior mesenteric vein,and other 4 patients occurred inflammatory adhesion,without tumor infiltration.(4) Follow-up and survival situations:11 patients were followed up for 3.0-37.6 months,with a median time of 15.7 months.During the follow-up,8 patients died of tumor recurrence and /or metastasis,and 3 survived;the non-recurrence and non-metastais survival time and overall survival time were respectively 9.0 months (range,3.0-37.6 months) and 24.6 months (range,3.0-37.6 months).One patient was complicated with anastomotic stenosis and surrounding varices of portal-superior mesenteric vein by postoperative half-year reexamination,anastomotic vein anomalies and venous thrombosis were not found in other patients before local tumor recurrence and / or death.Conclusion The combined uncinate process resection of the pancreas cannot increase the risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula,and it could effectively reduce the anastomotic tension in the distal pancreatectomy combined with portal-superior mesenteric vein resection and reconstruction,meanwhile,it can also achieve end-to-end anastomosis after longer vein resection.